不透明机器人的异步放纵聚集

arXiv:2509.10711v2 Announce Type: replace-cross Abstract: We consider the benchmarking problem of gathering in an $(N,f)$-fault system consisting of $N$ robots, of which at most $f$ may fail at any execution. The {\em traditional} version asks $N-f$ non-faulty robots to gather at a point not known a priori. The recently studied {\em indulgent} version asks $N-f$ non-faulty robots to gather at the location of a faulty one. Indulgent gathering is impossible in a $(2,1)$-crash system in the $LUMI$ model under semi-synchrony, even when infinitely many colors and coordinate axis agreement are available. In this paper, we establish four results for indulgent gathering under asynchrony in $LUMI$, considering a {\em mobility fault} model in which a robot crash only impacts its mobility but not the operation of the light. We first show that indulgent gathering is impossible in a $(2,1)$-mobility system using 2-colored lights, and then give an optimal solution w.r.t. the number of colors using 3-colored lights. We then give two deterministic algorithms for an $(N,f)$-mobility system, $f<N$, $N,f$ unknown, that exhibit a nice time-color trade-off: One with time $O(N)$ using 7-colored lights and another with time $O(\max\{\ell,f\})$ using 26-colored lights, where $\ell< N$ is the number of distinct convex layers of robot positions in the initial configuration. Our algorithms for an $(N,f)$-mobility system are the first to be analysed time complexity, can withstand obstructed visibility (opaque robot model) and asynchronous scheduling. Interestingly, our algorithms also solve traditional gathering.